Centrifugal pumps work by utilizing the centrifugal force generated when the impeller rotates to transport liquids. 

The basic working principle of a centrifugal pump can be simply summarized as follows: when the impeller rotates, it generates centrifugal force, which causes the liquid to be sucked into the pump and accelerated to rotate, and then the liquid is thrown out of the impeller and transported to the outlet through the pump body. Specifically, when the centrifugal pump is started, the impeller begins to rotate at high speed, driving the water or other liquid medium inside the pump to rotate together. Due to the centrifugal force, the liquid is thrown out of the impeller and enters the pressurized water chamber inside the pump body (usually called the worm case), and then is pressed into the outlet pipe, which ultimately achieves the purpose of conveying. In this process, the constant rotation of the impeller enables the liquid to be continuously sucked in and discharged, thus realizing continuous conveying.

The structure of centrifugal pump includes pump body, impeller, pump shaft, pump cover and other components. Inside the pump body there is a suction chamber and a pressure chamber. The suction chamber is responsible for introducing the liquid into the impeller, while the pressure chamber collects the liquid thrown out from the impeller and directs it to the outlet. The impeller is the key component of the centrifugal pump, which generates centrifugal force by rotating, so that the liquid obtains energy and is thrown out. The pump shaft is responsible for transmitting power to the impeller, enabling it to rotate at high speed. Throughout the process, sealing components such as the stuffing box ensure the sealing of the pump and prevent the liquid from leaking.

The structure and working principle of multistage centrifugal pumps are similar to that of single-stage centrifugal pumps, but multistage centrifugal pumps increase the head or flow rate by connecting multiple impellers in series. Each impeller produces a certain amount of head, and multiple impellers in series can significantly increase the total head. This design makes multistage centrifugal pumps very useful where high head is required.